Past Gerund (active form):
The active form of past gerund is used to show the present remark/result of a past action. Some specific gerund verbs, such as admit, mention, regret, enjoy, appreciate, remember, imagine, accuse of, apologize for, blame for, responsible for and deny could be used in this case.
Remember: If the first verb of a sentence (the verb used before gerund/infinitive) is in the past form, the past gerund and past infinitive show the past remark/result of a past action.
Structure 1: S + GV + having + V3 + ROTS
- He denies having stolen the money.
- He regrets having argued with his teacher.
- I remember having prayed at the park near Alamo in San Antonio, Texas.
- Jalali mentioned having gone to Mexico while living in the city of El Paso.
Structure 2: S + be + adjective + preposition + having + V3 + ROTS
- They are blamed for having killed a lot of innocent people.
- He is excited about having had the opportunity to learn English at Learnesl.
- He is accused of having stolen her heart.
Past Gerund (passive form)
Past Gerund (passive form) is also used to show the present remark/result of a past action, but the only difference is that a transitive verb should be used after been in this case.
Structure 1: S + GV + having been + V3 (transitive) + ROTS
- I appreciate having been sent to the U.S.A. for modern education.
- We remember having been taught the basic use of gerund in Step3.
- She denies having been taken to the movies by her fiancé.
Structure 2: S + be + adjective + preposition + having been + V3 (transitive) + ROTS
- He is proud of having been given the golden medal.
- The students are happy about having been taught by Jalali.
- They are sad about having been told the bad news.
I recommend you to check present gerund, you will find this useful too.
2 comments
Thanks. It’s really useful
You are welcome Masoid, hope it helped you.